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Returning to England, he was promoted to temporary colonel on 1 January 1917 on appointment as commander of the Southern Group Command and promoted to temporary brigadier-general on 23 June 1917 before being given command of the southern training brigade in August 1917. He transferred to the command of 9 wing at Fienvillers in June 1916. Promoted to major on 30 December 1915, Dowding was recalled to England in January 1916, and, having been promoted to temporary lieutenant colonel on 1 February 1916 was given command of 7 Wing at Farnborough later that month. Years later he published an account of his time in the squadron, in which he criticises Dowding as being "too reserved and aloof from his juniors", although efficient. In September 1915 Duncan Grinnell-Milne joined No 16 squadron as a junior pilot. After the Battle of the Somme, Dowding clashed with General Hugh Trenchard, the commander of the RFC, over the need to give pilots some rest and recuperation. 16 Squadron in July 1915, which was based at La Gorgue in northern France. He became commanding officer of the Wireless Experimental Establishment at Brooklands in March 1915 and went on to be commanding officer of No. 6 Squadron in October 1914 and then, after two weeks as a staff officer in France, became a Flight Commander, first with No. First World War ĭowding transferred to No. However, this arrangement was short lived and in August 1914, he joined the RFC as a pilot on No. Although added to the Reserve List of the Royal Flying Corps (RFC), Dowding returned to the Isle of Wight to resume his Royal Garrison Artillery duties. He then attended the Central Flying School, where he was awarded his wings. 711 on 19 December 1913 in a Vickers biplane at the Vickers School of Flying, Brooklands. After becoming interested in aviation, Dowding gained Aviator's Certificate no. After returning to the United Kingdom, he attended the Army Staff College 1912 before being promoted to captain on 18 August 1913 and being posted with the Royal Garrison Artillery on the Isle of Wight later that year. 7 Mountain Artillery Battery in India in 1904. Promoted to lieutenant on, Dowding served with the Royal Garrison Artillery at Gibraltar, in Ceylon and in Hong Kong before being posted to No. He trained at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich before being commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Royal Garrison Artillery on 18 August 1900. Dowding was educated at St Ninian's School and Winchester College.
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His father had taught at Fettes College in Edinburgh before moving to Moffat. Ninian's Boys' Preparatory School in Moffat, Dumfriesshire, the son of Arthur John Caswall Dowding and Maud Caroline Dowding (née Tremenheere). He died on 15 February 1970, aged 87.ĭowding was born at St. In November 1940, Dowding was replaced in command against his wishes by Sholto Douglas, another Big Wing advocate.ĭowding retired from the Royal Air Force in July 1942 and was made a peer in June 1943. He subsequently came into conflict with proponents of the Big Wing tactic, most notably Trafford Leigh-Mallory and Douglas Bader, which along with the inadaquecies of RAF's nighttime defence during the Blitz led to his eventual downfall. In July 1936, Dowding was appointed chief of the newly created RAF Fighter Command.ĭuring the Battle of Britain in the Second World War, Dowding's Fighter Command successfully defended the UK against the attacks of the Luftwaffe, thanks to his prudent management of RAF resources and detailed preparation of Britain's air defences (the Dowding system). During the inter-war years he became Air Officer Commanding Fighting Area, Air Defence of Great Britain and then joined the Air Council as Air Member for Supply and Research. He joined the Royal Flying Corps at the start of the First World War and went on to serve as a fighter pilot and then as commanding officer of No. He was Air Officer Commanding RAF Fighter Command during the Battle of Britain and is generally credited with playing a crucial role in Britain's defence, and hence, the defeat of Adolf Hitler's plan to invade Britain.īorn in Moffat, Scotland, Dowding was an officer in the British Army in the 1900s and early 1910s. Air Chief Marshal Hugh Caswall Tremenheere Dowding, 1st Baron Dowding, GCB, GCVO, CMG (24 April 1882 – 15 February 1970) was an officer in the Royal Air Force.